CSP-2015: Ecology and Science and Technology Test-1
Dt.15.02.2015
Instructions
- Attempt
all 80 questions.
- All
questions carry equal marks
- Maximum
marks:160
- Time
allowed: 80 Minutes
- Negative
marking as per UPSC rules
*****
1. The niche is mode of existence that a species has within an
ecosystem. Essentially it is the sum of all activities and relationships a
species has while obtaining and using the resources needed to survive and
reproduce.
In the light of the competition among the two or
more species, consider the following statements
1.
If the competition exists only in
overlapping parts of niche, both species co-exist
2.
If the completion is for niche is
direct, the one superior qualities become dominant or the another weak or
disadvantaged species disappear
3.
The competition in a niche for food, nesting
ground or territory will never be affected by the abiotic environment.
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1 and 3 b. 1 and 2 only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
2. In terms of
Ecology, what is the meaning of “competitive exclusion principle”…
a. Two species fighting for a same
resource can co-exist, if other ecological factors remain
constant
b. Two species fighting for a same
resource can’t co-exist, if other ecological factors
remain constant
c. Two species fighting for a same
resource can co-exist, if other ecological factors are
variable or keep on changing
d. Two species fighting for a same
resource can’t co-exist, if other ecological factors are
variable or keep on changing
3. Consider the
following types of Niches
1. Habitat or special niche
2. Nutrition or Food niche
3. Reproductive or nesting niche
4. Abiotic or physical and chemical
niche
5. Competition Niche
Which of the above
niches are existing in the happy living of a species in its Ecosystem?
a. All of them
b. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only c. 1, 2,
3 and 5 only d. None
4. The green plants fix the
potential energy in the form of organic food from the inorganic components in
the presence of Sunlight in the process of “Photosynthesis”. Which of the
following players would do the reverse action of releasing the fixed energy and
the in-organic materials back into the Environment?
a. Herbivores b. De-composers c. Detrivoroes d. Both b and c
5. Which of the following statements
is/are NOT on Eco-tone?
a. Ecotone is a transitory zone of
tension between two or more diverse Ecosystems
b. The population density of some of
the species in eco-tone is greater when compared to
the original ecosystems which made
it
c. The Eco-tone contain the same
species of ecosystems which created/made it
d. None
6. In an Ecosystem, “Edge Species”
means
a. The prominent or the most
represented species in an Ecosystem
b. The prominent or the most
represented species in an Eco-tone
c. The insignificant or the least
represented species in an Ecosystem
d. The insignificant or the least
represented species in an Eco-tone
7. In an Ecosystem, “Edge Effect”
means
a. The number of species and the
population density of certain species in an Ecosystem
are much greater when compared to
adjacent community or ecosystem
b. The number of species and the
population density of certain species in an Eco-
tone are much greater the communities which
made it
c. The role of negative abiotic
environment in an Ecosystem
d. None
8. Consider the following players in
the Ecosystem.
1. Green Plants
2. Algae and certain bacteria
3. Certain lower unicellular
organisms with chlorophyll
4. Unicellular organisms those
produce food by oxidation of inorganic elements
Which of the above constitute “Primary
Producers” or Autotrophs in Ecosystem?
a. 1
and 2 only b. 1, 2, 3 and 4 c. 1, 2 and 3 only d. None
9. Consider the following aquatic ecosystems
1. Marine
Ecosystem
2. Fresh water
Ecosystem
3. Estuaries
Arrange the above aquatic ecosystems from the point of view
of their productivity from low to the highest.
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 3, 2 and 1 c. 2, 1 and 3 d. 3, 1 and 2
10. Consider the following
statements
1. The energy flow in the food chain is
always bi-directional
2. The flow of energy increases from
the first trophic level to other trophic levels up
from producers to ultimate top
carnivores
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2
11. Consider the following
statements
1. Generally, the cold blooded
animals or poikilotherms undergoes “aestivation” or
Summer sleep to protect themselves
against impending hot and dry conditions
2. The endotherms or warm blooded
animals undergo hibernation or winter sleep to tide
over cold climate or food
scarcity during winter.
3. In both the occasions, the animals
use reserve food in little quantities by slowing
down the metabolic rate and activities
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1 and 3 b. 1 and 2 only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
12. Consider the following
statements
1. The pyramid of number and biomass
in Grassland ecosystem
2. The pyramid of parasitic food
chain.
3. The pyramid of Energy in all
Ecosystems
4. The pyramid of numbers in Aquatic
ecosystem
In which of the above cases there is a possibility
of reverse pyramids?
a.
1 and 3 b. 2 only c. 1,
2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
13. In terms of Ecology, what is the
meaning of “bio-magnification”?
a. It is a process of dilution of
pollutants in a food chain from lower tropic levels to higher
b. It is the accumulation of pollutants
in the muscles of certain aquatic animals
c. It is the increased levels of
pollutants accumulation in a food chain from one
tropic levels to another
d. None
14. Consider the following
incidents/activities
1. Thunder and lightening
2. Industrial manufacturing of urea
and other nitrate fertilizers
3. Symbiotic relationship of Rhizobium
bacteria and Legume plants
4. Action of denitrifying bacteria
such as Pseudomonas
Which of the above activities
reduces the elemental nitrogen from the atmosphere?
a.
1 and 2 b. 1, 2 and 3 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
15. Which of the following is NOT as
a result of excessive supply/apply of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in
land and subsequent run-off into the aquatic ecosystems?
a. Algal blooms and eutrophication
b. Acidification of water and
destruction of fish
c. Long term declines in marine and
aquatic fisheries and biodiversity
d. Destruction of flora and reduction
in the biomass of the ecosystem
16. Consider the
following statements on Ecological succession in aquatic ecosystem.
1. The
aquatic body is replaced by a mature forest at the end of succession
2. The
original aquatic plants continue to exist and live with climax stage
3.
During the ecological succession, the aquatic animals would be replaced by land
animals
4. The
size and diversity of biotic community would be at its peak at the climax stage
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1, 3 and 4 c. 1, 2, 3 and 4 d. 2, 3 and 4
17. Which of the following tropic levels/stages correctly
represent parasite food chain?
a. Green
tree…. Birds…Parasites…Hyper parasites
b. Green
tree…. Birds…Hyper parasites…Parasites
c. Green
tree …Hyper parasites…. Birds …Parasites
d. None
18. Which of the following represent the food chain of a
system where Blue Whale is top consumer?
a.
Phytoplankton…Zooplankton…Fishes….Blue whale
b. Plankton….Fish….Blue whale
c. Plankton…Krill...Blue
whale
d.
Plankton…Fish…Shark….Blue Whale
19. In a certain biotic interaction,
two organisms
of different species "work together," each benefiting from the
relationship. The example of ox-pecker (a kind of bird) and the rhinoceros or
zebra. Ox-peckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and other parasites
that live on their skin. The ox-peckers get food and the beasts get pest
control. Also, when there is danger, the ox-peckers fly upward and scream a
warning, which helps the rhino or zebra. What is the name for this relationship
between these two animal species?
a. Mutualism b. Parasitism c. Symbiosis d. Commensalism
20. Consider the following statements
1. Symbiosis is an
association between two species where both species benefit
2. The
relationship in symbiosis is such that more or less the partners/symbionts
would
not be able live
separately
3. This kind of
relationship is not possible between animals and plants
Which of the above
statements are true on symbiosis?
a.
1 and 2 b. 2 only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
21. Consider the following biological/non-biological agents
1. Insects
2. Bats
3. Birds
4. Wind/water
Which of the above assist in cross-pollination in plants?
a. 1, 2 and 3 only b. 2, 3 and 4 only c. 1, 3 and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
22. The shark is a very fast moving fish and preys
on big fish, seals etc. The sucker fish which has fastening sucker on its
dorsal side and with the help of it
attaches itself to the shark and get free transportation and eats the remnants
of flesh falling-off from the mouth of shark. Name of this relationship from
the options given below.
a. Mutualism b. Parasitism c. Symbiosis d. Commensalism
23. Consider the following statements
1.
Accumulation of un-decomposed organic matter in the under surface of evergreen
Forests
2.
Formation of fossil fuels underground under pressure and passage of time
3.
Bio-degradation
4.
Respiration of the plants
5.
Photosynthesis of Green Plants
Which of the above activities release CO2 into the atmosphere?
a.
1, 2, 4 and 5 b. 3 and 4 only c. 3, 4 and 5 only d. 2, 3 and 4 only
24. Consider the following statements
1.
Ecologically, the terrestrial habitat is divided into different “Biomes”
2.
Each Biome is characterized by distinctive non-living environment, Plants and
animals
3.
Biomes are named after the “climax community” which comprise the dominant
Population, but it contains various communities of plants and animals
also
Which of the above statements are true with regard
to “Biome”?
a.
1 and 3 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
25. Which of the following options correctly
describes the “Eutrophication”?
a. It
is a process whereby a water body becomes enriched
with organic nutrients
over time, leading to a gradual
increase in productivity
b. Growth of algal blooms in the water
bodies, leading to excess oxygen in water
c.
Enhanced tropic/food chain/levels in a pond
d. It
is a process whereby a water body becomes enriched
with organic nutrients
over time, leading to a gradual
decrease in productivity
26. Consider the following activities/stages
1. Excessive supply of nutrients to a
water body stimulating the growth of algal blooms
2.
Enhancement of Biological Oxygen Demand and chemical oxygen Demand
3.
Stimulation of anaerobic bacteria and release of toxins into the water body
4.
Enhanced quality or transparency of water
Which of the above are associated with the
“eutrophication” process in a lake?
a.
1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only c. 2, 3 and 4
only d. 1, 2 and 3 only
27. Consider the following statements on “Biological
Oxygen Demand” [BOD].
1.
BOD is a quantum of dissolved oxygen used/required by aerobic bacteria in
the
oxidation
of organic matter in a water body.
2. If BOD
increases, the oxygen available for the living organisms would reduce and after
certain
levels leads to their mass death
3. The
penetration of light and rise in water temperature decreases the BOD
4. Increased
BOD, causes release of more and more inorganic nutrients in water
Which of the above statements are true on BOD?
a. 1, 2 and 3 only b. 2, 3 and 4 only c. 1, 2 and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
28. Which of the following statements are true on
the Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]?
a.
It measures the impurities in the water
b.
It decides the potability of water
c.
It measures the organic compounds in the water
d.
It measures non-oxygen consuming chemical reactions in water
29. Consider
the following statements on Chipco movement of
1.
It was an environmental movement to
prevent cutting down of trees
2.
Raised the question of ecological
and economic exploitation
3.
It is a movement against alcoholism
as its broadened agenda
4.
Demanded that local communities
should have control over their natural resources
Which of the above was part of the
Chipco movement?
a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and
3 only c. 1, 3 and 4 d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
30. Which of the following is the best indicator of
SO2 pollution?
a.
Algae b. Lichen c. Bryophyte d. Pteridophytes
31. A lake or river with high BOD value is
a.
Very Clean b. highly
polluted c. highly
productive d. None
31. Cement factory workers are more prone to
a.
Leukemia b. Bone marrow
disease c. Asbestosis d. Cytosilicosis
32. Mycorrhiza represents an interaction between
a.
Symbiotic association between Fungus and roots of flowering plants
b.
Parasitic association between Algae and Fungi
c.
Symbiotic association between Fungus and liverworts
d. Parasitic
association between Fungi and roots of flowering plants
33. The Pioneers in Xerach succession are
a. Crustose Lichen
b. Mossess
c. Foliose Lichen
d. Shrubs
34. Invasive
species are
plants, animals, or pathogens that are non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem
under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm to
the Ecosystem and local species
In this connection, consider the following plants
1. Eichhornia crassipes or Water hyacinth
2. Parthenium hysterophorus
or Congress grass
3. Lantana camara or Red/wild/big/white
sage
4. Azadirachta indica or Neem
Which of the above are invasive plants in India?
a. 1, 2 and
3 b.
2, 3 and 4 c. 1, 3 and 4 d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
35. Lichens are important in the studies on atmosphere
pollution because they
a. Can
grow in greatly polluted atmosphere
b. Can
readily multiply in polluted atmosphere
c. Effectively
purify the atmosphere
d. They
are very sensitive to pollutants
36. A method of converting sewage water onto fairly
clean drinking water is by
a. Addition of
biocides
b. Diffusion
c. Osmosis
d. Reverse Osmosis
37. If water pollution continues
at its present rate, it will eventually
a. Stop water cycle
b. Prevent precipitation
c. Make nitrate molecules
unavailable to water plants
d. Make oxygen molecules
unavailable to the water plants/animals
38. Which of the following the prime purpose of Environmental
impact Assessment, EIA?
a. To harmonize
the developmental aspirations with the environmental concerns
b. To obstruct those developmental
plans which cause pollution in the Environment
c. To promote only green technologies
in the industry
d. None
39. In an ecosystem biotic factors interact with abiotic as well as other
biotic factors. In this connection, see the following interactions
1. Competition for
food and water
2. Competition for
shelter
3. Co-operation in
finding food and or communal hunting in top Carnivores
4. Acclimatization
to the newly found environment
Which of the above are biotic factors those affect survival of an
organism in the Ecosystem?
a. 1, 2 and 4 b. 1, 2 and 3 only c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
40. Which of the following pairs
are correctly matched?
Name of the Seral stage
|
Place of ecological succession/Substratum
|
|
a
|
Xero sere
|
Succession in a lake
|
b
|
Halo sere
|
Succession in a fresh water lake
|
c
|
Hydro sere
|
Succession on a bare rock
|
d
|
Psammo sere
|
Succession on the sandy areas
|
41. In ecological
succession from pioneer to climax community, the biomass shall
a.
NO relation
b.
First increase and then decrease
c.
Decrease
d.
Increase continuously
42. Individuals of a species which occur in a particular
area constitute
a. Population b. Flora c. Fauna d. Flora and Fauna
43. The role of an organism in the ecological system is
known as
a. Niche b. Habitat c. Interaction d. Competition
44. The insectivorous plants are adapted to soils
a.
Deficient in nitrogenous compounds
b.
Deficient in organic material
c.
Deficit in trace elements
d.
Rich in water
45. Large woody vines, called as Lianas, are more commonly
found in
a. Alpine
forests
b.
Temperate forests
c.
Mangroves
d.
Tropical Rain Forests
46. Consider the following pairs
Ecological Term
|
Meaning or Description
|
|
1
|
Eury-thermal
|
Organisms which tolerate wide range of temperatures
|
2
|
Steno-haline
|
Organisms which can tolerate only narrow limits of
salinity
|
3
|
Eukaryotic
|
Organisms with cells having membrane bound nucleus and
cell organelles
|
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
a. 1 and
2 b. 1, 2 and 3 c. 2 and 3 only d. 1 and 3 only
47.
Pheromones, the chemical messengers produced by certain
exocrine glands of skin, affect
a.
Morphology of organisms, including
skin color etc.
b.
Mammary glands
c.
Genitalia
d.
Mutual behavior of members of a
species
48. Which of the following group of gases
cause photochemical smog?
a. Ground level ozone, PAN, SO2 and
CO
b. Oxygen, PAN and NOx
c. O3, PAN and NO2
d. HC, PAN and NO
49. Consider the following parameters
49. Consider the following parameters
1. Biological and
chemical Oxygen Demand
2. Air Pollution
3. Mineral content of the soil
In which of the cases,
Bio-indicators are used for detection?
a.
Only 1 b. 1 and 2
only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
50. Which of the
following methods are used in controlling the gaseous pollutants?
a. Arrestors
b. Electrostatic precipitators
c. Incineration
d. Adsorption
d. Adsorption
51. Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant?
a. Pollen grains from
the flowering plants
b. Hydrocarbons
c. Sulphur dioxide [So2]
d. Phosphates
52. Which one of the
following is a most efficient device to eliminate particulate matters from
industrial emissions?
a. Pyrolysis
b. Cyclonic separators
c. Electrostatic precipitators or
particle filtration equipments
d. Trajectory Separators
53. Consider
the following statements
1. Benzene Hexachlroride is a
non-biodegradable pollutant
2. Carbon dioxide is a primary air
pollutant
3. Sulphur dioxide causes brown air
effect during traffic congestion in cities
4. Anthropogenic air pollutants are
natural in origin
Which of the
above statements are true?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1,
2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1 and 2 only
54. Consider the following statements on an “Estuary”…
1.
Estuaries
are the most productive water bodies in the World
2.
They
are zones of Ecotone and located in a places where river meats sea
3.
They
are act as natural water filters by absorbing, trapping and detoxifying the
pollutants
4.
In
everyplace where river meets sea, estuary is formed
Which of the
above statements are true?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1,
2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1 and 2 only
55. Consider the following adaptations of plants
1. Plants of
remarkable salt tolerance
2.
Pneumatophores or blind aerial roots for absorbing oxygen
3. Thick
leaves with salt secreting glands
4.
Adventitious roots or supporting roots arising from the aerial stem to support
the plant
Which of the above adaptations are found in the Mangrove
forest plants?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1, 2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1, 3 and 4 only
56. Consider the following statements
1. Sundarbans
are the largest mangrove forests in the world spreading in India and
Bangladesh
2. Sundarbans
derive the name as it is home to wild cat, namely “Sundari cat”
3. The
mangroves Bitakarnika/Mahanadi basin of Orissa is the second biggest mangrove
Forests
in Indian sub-continent
4. The
mangroves of west coast of India are as prominent as in East coast
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1,
2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1 and 3 only
57. Consider the following statements
1.
Conversion/diversion to agricultural/industrial purpose
2.
Exploitation for fuel, fodder etc.
3.
Hunting of wild animals such as tiger, crocodiles and dolphins
4. Oils
spills
5. Promotion
of Aquaculture, use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers
6.
Carving out of biosphere reserves and national parks
Which of the above factors are responsible for the
destruction of Mangrove forests in Indian subcontinent?
a.
1, 2, 4 and 5
b. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 c.
All of them d. 2, 4 and 5
58. Consider the following zones/places in India.
1. Gulf
of Mannar
2.
Lakshadweep islands and Andaman Nicobar Islands
3. Malvan
in the Sindudurg district of Maharashtra
4.
Gujarat Coast
Which of the areas of India, host corals reefs?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1, 2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1 and 3 only
59. Consider the following statements on corals
1. Corals
are made up of calcium carbonate and hence their original colour is white
2. They are
living animals with several soft polyps, surrounded by calcareous skeleton
3. They
thrive in places with clear water and in a range of salinity
4. They are
in symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae algae and because of the algae
acquire
brilliant colors
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1,
2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1, 3 and 4 only
60. Consider the following statements
1. The quantitative pollutants are
considered so when their concentration goes beyond
acceptable levels
2. All the qualitative pollutants are
anthropogenic in nature
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2
61. Which one of the following is not included under in
situ conservation?
a. National
Parks
b. Wild life
sanctuaries
c.
Zoological Gardens
d. Biosphere
reserves
62. Consider the following pollutants
1. PAN
2. Smog
3. SO2
4. Ground
level Ozone
Which of the above are secondary air pollutants?
a.
1
and 2 only b. All of them c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1, 2 and 4 only
63. Consider the following uses of Algae or initial plants in
Plant Kingdom
1. Food and bio-fuels
2.
Bio-fertilizer
3. Carbon
sequestration
4.
Pollution Control
Which of the above statements are true?
a.
1, 2 and 3 b. 1,
2, 3 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1, 3 and 4 only
64. Consider the following pollutants
1. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),
2. Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2,
3. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
4.
Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM / PM10)
5. Carbon dioxide and Carbon monoxide
Which of the above
pollutants are monitored by National Air Quality Monitoring Programme [N.A.M.P]
under CPCB of India?
a. 1, 2, 3 and 4 b. All of them c. 1, 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
65. Consider the following gases
1. Methane
2. Nitrous
Oxide [N2O]
3. Ozone
4. Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
5.
Nitrogen, N2
Which of the above gases is/are NOT a greenhouse gases?
a.
1, 3 and 5
b. 5 only c.
3, 4 and 5 d. 1, 4 and 5
66. Consider the following statements
1. Bhitarkanika Mangroves are the second largest mangrove forests in India, formed in the river deltas of two rivers, Brahmani and Baitarani.
2. Bhitarkanika Mangroves were designated a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in 2002
3. The Bhitarkanika National Park, Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary are located within the Mangrove forest and to their east and west to Bay of Bengal lies Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary
Which of the above
statements are true?
a.
1 and 3 b. 1 and 2
only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
67. Noise is defined as
unwanted sound. The GOI has notified the prescribed noise levels during the day
[6 a.m to 9 p.m] and night time [9 p.m to 6 a.m] under Environment (Protection)
Rules, 1986. What are the limits set for day time in residential area and
Silence zone respectively?
a. 55 and 50 decibels b. 45 and 40 c. 75 and 65 d. Below 75 decibels
68. Which of the
following statements is NOT true about Carbon Monoxide?
a. It is created due to incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels and other compounds which
Contain carbon such as
charcoal, firewood etc.
b. It is a greenhouse gas
c. Carbon monoxide has stronger
affinity with hemoglobin than the oxygen
d. It acts as neurotransmitter and
along with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide acts as
Anti-inflammatories,
vasodilators and promotes neo-vascular growth.
69. Which
stage of vehicle emission norms presently applicable in India in Internal
Combustion Engine?
a. Bharat
Stage V
b. Bharat
Stage IV
c. Bharat
Stage VI
d. Bharat
Stage III
70. Under the which of the following Central Ministries, the
Central Pollution Control Board [CPCB] works?
a.
Ministry of Environment and Forests
b.
Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation
c.
Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
d.
Ministry of Rural Development
71. Consider
the following statements
1. Petroleum refineries produce
large amounts of Nitrogen Dioxide which is a primary air
Pollutant
2. Coal based power plants produce
Sulphur dioxide which is also a primary air pollutant
Which of the above statements are
true?
a.
1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2
72. There are several biological indicators which indicate
the quality of environment and levels of pollution in a particular
environment/ecosystem. They are also called a “biomonitors”. In this
connection, consider the following pairs
Biological
indicators
|
Inferences/reasons
for the presence or absence of biological indicator
|
|
1
|
Absence
of lichens
|
High levels of SO2 [Sulphur dioxide], sulfur-based
pollutants, and NOx [Nitrogen oxides].
|
2
|
Algal
blooms
|
Water
pollution with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus
|
3
|
Colour
change in genetically engineered grass
|
Toxicity
levels
|
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 2 only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only
73. Consider the following factors
1.
Photosynthetic activity
2. O2
consumption by the plants and animals
3.
De-composition of the organic matter
4. Size of
the water body
5.
Temperature of the water
Which of the above factors determines the dissolved oxygen
content in a water body?
a.
All of them b. All
of them except 4
c. All of them except 3 d. All of them
except 5
74. In control of pollution what is the meaning of
“bioremediation”?
a. It is the
process of exposure to Sun to reduce the toxic levels of pollution
b. It is the waste management technique to neutralize pollutants by using biological
agents in a contaminated site
c. It is a kind of removing germs
from the food
d. None of the
above
75. Taj Mahal, one of the wonders of the world is suffering from
“Marble cancer”. Which of the following options describe the process correctly?
a. Acidic
Rain which corrodes marble
b. Large number of Fungus in Taj Mahal
marbles
c. Yellowing of the marble on account of Soot
particles
d. Smokes filling the Taj Mahal from
adjoining industries
76. Which of the following statements is NOT true on Ecological
Succession?
a. It is a
random process
b. Species
diversity increases as succession proceeds
c. The food
chain relationships become more complex with the succession
d. The role of
decomposers become much more important as the succession proceed
77. Which of the following order correctly describes succession
in Hydro sere?
a. Phytoplankton--Rooted aquatic plants--free
floating stage--Reed swamp stage—
Sedge Meadow
stage--Woodland stage--Climax forest
b.
Phytoplankton--Rooted aquatic plants--free floating stage—Sedge Meadow stage--
Reed swamp
stage--Woodland stage--Climax forest
c. Rooted
aquatic plants-- Phytoplankton--free floating stage-- Woodland stage-- Sedge Meadow
stage--Reed swamp stage-- --Climax forest
d. Free floating
stage-- Phytoplankton--Rooted aquatic plants--Sedge Meadow stage--
Reed swamp
stage--Woodland stage--Climax forest
78. Which of the following order correctly describes succession
in Xero sere?
a. Foliose
lichen stage--Crustose lichen stage-- Moss stage--Herb stage--Shrub stage--Climax
forest
b.
Crustose lichen stage--Foliose lichen stage-Moss stage--Herb
stage--Shrub
Stage--Climax forest
c. Foliose
lichen stage--Moss stage--Crustose lichen stage--Herb stage--Shrub stage--
Climax
forest
d. Crustose
lichen stage--Foliose lichen stage-Moss stage-- Shrub stage Herb stage--
Climax
forest
79. Which of the following options correctly represent the
correct order of the basic processes involved in the process of succession?
a.
Nudation—Invasion—Competition—Co-action—Reaction—Stabilization
b.
Nudation—Invasion—Competition—Reaction—Stabilization—Co-action
c. Nudation—Competition--Invasion—Co-action—Reaction—Stabilization
d.
Invasion—Nudation--competition—Co-action—Reaction—Stabilization
80. The formation of a climax community from an abandoned
farmland is an example of
a. Primary
succession
b. Autogenic
succession
c. Secondary
succession
d. Allogeneic
succession
*****
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